The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product Essay Example

The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product Essay Example The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product Paper The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product Paper Market Leader A market chief is a brand, item, or a firm that has the biggest level of complete deals as far as income (the piece of the overall industry) of a market. A market chief regularly rules every one of his rivals in territories, for example, client devotion, dispersion inclusion, picture, saw esteem, value, benefit, and limited time spending. To be the pioneer in the market, the organization should be imaginative, nimble, progressive, over the top and strong. Market pioneer goals are to keep extending their all out market by discovering all the more new buyers to buy their item, making new uses for the current item which they are selling, and to empower more use among the current shoppers. A market chief ought to consistently be furnished with a safeguard technique that will help protect against any new dangers that may compromise their situation as a market head. Additionally, another target to accomplish is to keep increment their piece of the overall industry of their item. A case of market pioneers are: Coco-Cola (soda pops), McDonald’s (cheap food), Caterpillar (huge development hardware), Kodak (photographic film), Wal-Mart (retailing), and Boeing (airplane). Market Challenger Market challengers are second place organizations that forcefully assault contenders to get more piece of the pie. A market challenger’s key target is to topple down the current market pioneer and to assume control over its place. A market challenger will consistently endeavor to assault the current market pioneer, or different firms that coordinates its own size, or littler and neighborhood territorial rivals in plan to be the pioneer in the item or administration which they are advertising. Fundamentally the challenger has three vital options that are accessible to the organization: (an) a direct or head-on assault utilizing either cost/value/esteem for cash as the key vital variable; (b) an aberrant or flanking approach utilizing item separation or limited time exercises as an approach to win consumer’s inclination and devotion; and (c) a by-pass procedure dependent on radical advancement through which the challenger tries to change existing buying conduct for another answer for essential purchaser needs. Such models resemble Adidas endeavoring to beat Nike or Burger King endeavoring to challenge McDonald’s position as the market chief. Market Follower Market devotee are firms that endeavor to utilize methodologies to look for stable pieces of the pie and to pick up benefits by following competitors’ item offers, costs, and furthermore advertising programs. Market devotees endeavor to make a like item that is inventive to be sold at a less expensive value contrasting with the organization who has that comparative item. A market supporter has numerous preferences moreover. A market devotee can gain from the market leader’s experience and duplicate or enhance the leader’s item and projects, ordinarily with a lot lesser speculation contrasted and the market head. One such model would be the ongoing new hues for the Sony’s Vaio Laptops. Once Sony discharges their new shading plan, Dell later would follow in it and would have their customized PC hues which could be picked when buying a PC from Dell. Specialty Market A specialty showcase is frequently representation as an engaged, targetable bit of a market. By definition, at that point, a business that centers around a specialty advertise is tending to the requirement for an item or administration that isn't being tended to by the standard suppliers. Specialty market can be thought as a barely characterized gathering of expected clients. For example, rather than offering cleaning administrations, a business may set up a specialty showcase by represent considerable authority in daze cleaning administrations. For what reason would it be a good idea for you to try to set up a specialty showcase? As a result of the incredible favorable position of being separated from everyone else there; other private companies may not know about your specific specialty market, and huge organizations wont need to mess with it. The secret to profiting by a specialty advertise is to discover or build up a market specialty that has clients who are open, that is developing quick enough, and that isn't claimed by one built up seller as of now. Specialty market’s techniques are regularly focused towards littler markets that enormous organizations won’t trouble entering. To stay in business, specialty advertisers would need to make specialties, at that point grow it lastly securing them or copyright them. The main danger of a specialty advertise is the point at which a bigger firm notification the specialty showcase benefit and endeavor to enter the market with bigger assets and capital. Macintosh iPod The item that I will discuss will be Apple’s iPod. To start with, I will list down what are the accessible items, and afterward I will talk about their promoting methodology are they utilizing and at now. The explanation behind picking iPod, it is a result of their present situation in the market now and I know about it since I possessed one. Apple’s iPod is one of the top items in the regions of convenient media players. It has figured out how to remain at the top due to their exceptional programming and structure that keep customers needing it. Their uniqueness is in Apple’s iTunes programming in which it can move music to the iPod gadgets. As a jukebox application, iTunes can store a music library on the clients PC and which can either play, copy and tear music from a CD. It’s additionally to a great deal of records like a PDA. Such documents, for example, photographs, recordings, games, contact data, E-Mail messages, Web bookmarks, and schedules to iPod models that help those highlights. Macintosh concentrated its improvement on the iPods one of a kind UI and its easy to understand interface of utilization, as opposed to on specialized capacity. As of September 2007, the iPod had sold in excess of 110 million units overall creation it the top of the line advanced sound player arrangement ever. Presently lets talk about the iPod. Its doing truly well. Theyre rather solid. Chuckle. Weve sold over 110m to date and youll notice where the business bend is most grounded is during the Christmas season today would revive or supplant EVERY single item in this setup to prepare for this Christmas season. As of now the iPod has a couple of determinations in line. Right now are marked down, are the iPod mix, iPod nano, iPod exemplary and the fresh out of the plastic new iPod contact. The iPod mix is an advanced sound player that is structured and advertised by the organization Apple Inc. The reason for this model is to make a spending model for Apples iPod family. It was declared at the Macworld Conference Expo on January 11, 2005, utilizing the slogan life is irregular. This model is another structure as opposed to putting away information on a hard plate, it has been changed to the principal iPod to utilize a glimmer memory. The current second era model weighs at just around 15 grams (or 0. 55 ounces). It was presented in September 2006 alongside the redid fifth era iPod great and second era iPod nano. Later in 2007, as a groundwork for the Christmas occasions of 2007, Apple propelled another shading which is red. Presently at present, the iPod mix has nine hues which are: All nine shades of the second-age iPod mix. The base columns are the first hues; the top lines are the invigorated hues. Silver units have been accessible for the duration of the life of the second-age mix. The iPod nano is one the four compact media player that is structured and advertised by the organization Apple Inc. The iPod nano is intended to be as a midrange model in for Apples iPod family. The original of this rendition was presented in 2005. It likewise utilizes streak memory, much the same as the iPod mix. Be that as it may, this accompanies a scaled down rendition of the showcase screen and has click wheel found on the iPod exemplary. The model has been refreshed twice since its presentation. This above rendition is the third era iPod nano. This nano was declared in a 4 GB rendition coming just in silver, and a 8 GB form coming in silver, turquoise, mint green, dark and Product Red. As of late, Apple has propelled the new pink shading. The battery presently goes on for approx. 24 hours on sound playback and approx. hours on video playback. Steve Job, Co-author, CEO of Apple Inc. , flaunting the new iPod Nano Its staggeringly minuscule, this is the new nano, and it’s amazingly flimsy. Its REALLY pleasant. Colossal commendation. Let me give you some greater pictures of it comes in lovely hues. So whats the video like? New nano: bigger 2-inch screen, it will loo k equivalent to it did on the iPod video, its the equivalent QVGA goals. Weve accomplished this with a screen with the most noteworthy pixel thickness weve ever transported. The iPod great is a compact media player that is showcased by the organization Apple Inc. This model is the leader model for Apples iPod family. To this date, there have been six ages of the iPod great. There was likewise a side project called the iPod photograph which was later then re-incorporated into the principle great line. All the ages of the iPod great uses a 1. 8-inch hard drive for capacity. The word great retronym was presented with the presentation of the 6th era iPod exemplary on September 5, 2007. Preceding this, the iPod works of art were basically just alluded to as iPods. Steve Jobs, Co-organizer, CEO of Apple Inc. flaunting the new iPod Classic. A little video for everybody, that is the thing that we set out to do with the new nano. We trust you love it as much as we do That carries us to the iPod. The iPod its got an its got an entertaining name. Its got an amusing name. Its chance to give it a name: were considering it the iPod Classic since its the first iPod. Ha! Next to each other perspective on sixth and fifth era iPods, separately, demonstrating i nterface contrasts The iPod contact is both a convenient media player and a Wi-Fi portable stage planned and promoted by the organization Apple Inc.

Foundations of Management Accounting †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Coke vs Pepsi Essay

In May, 1886, Coca Cola was created by Doctor John Pemberton a drug specialist from Atlanta, Georgia. John Pemberton created the Coca Cola equation in a three legged metal pot in his terrace. The name was a recommendation given by John Pemberton’s clerk Frank Robinson (Anonymous, 2001). Birth of Coca Cola Being an accountant, Frank Robinson likewise had magnificent handwriting. It was he who previously scripted â€Å"Coca Cola into the streaming letters which has become the well known logo of today. The soda was first offered to general society at the soft drink wellspring in Jacob’s Pharmacy in Atlanta on May 8, 1886. Around nine servings of the soda pop were sold every day. Deals for that first year meant a sum of about $50. The interesting thing was that it cost John Pemberton over $70 in fields, so the principal year of deals were a misfortune. Until 1905, the soda pop, advertised as a tonic, contained concentrates of cocaine just as the caffeine-rich kola nut. In 1887, another Atlanta drug specialist and businessperson, Asa Candler purchased the equation for Coca Cola from creator John Pemberton for $2,300. By the late 1890s, Coca Cola was one of America’s most well known wellspring drinks, to a great extent because of Candler’s forceful advertising of the item. With Asa Candler, presently in charge, the Coca Cola Company expanded syrup deals by over 4000% somewhere in the range of 1890 and 1900 Robinson (Anonymous, 2001). Publicizing was a significant factor in John Pemberton and Asa Candler’s achievement and by the turn of the century, the beverage was sold over the United States and Canada. Around a similar time, the organization started offering syrup to autonomous packaging organizations authorized to sell the beverage. Indeed, even today, the US soda pop industry is sorted out on this guideline Robinson (Anonymous, 2001). Qualities AND MARKETING STRATEGIES THAT ACCOUNTS FOR ITS SUCCESS: 1. COKE’S BRAIN BRANDING: By one way or another, Coke has made a brand that its fans trust in and relate to. The brand opens a fortune trove of brand fortifications that have little to do with the taste or nature of the item. What's more, it was this impact Coke betrayed in the presentation of New Coke in 1985. It’s this untapping of brand convictions we need to remember when we talk about marking and search. With search cooperations, the presence of a brand can open conviction structures similarly as solid as Coke’s (Anonymous, 2011). Missing a brand, customers will pick on cost. At the point when a realized brand is incorporated, shoppers will include their view of the brand to the dynamic procedure and judge in like manner. So to build the odds that your item or administration is chosen, ensure you have a solid brand with which individuals can distinguish themselves. Coke is a brand which has been supporting brand characters since its introduction to the world, undoubtedly the brand character the greater part of the individuals pursue. Its trademark says, â€Å"opens happiness† which is something that makes individuals feel that they can really make some great memories sitting with loved ones while having coke through party (Anonymous, 2001). 2. TASTE: * Coke’s flavor, which is somewhat bitterer and less sweet, is simpler to drink over significant stretches of time. So customers are bound to arrange a second Coke in a sitting than they are a subsequent Pepsi. Likewise individuals like coke since it doesn’t remove the food you are drinking coke with like water rather gives a complimentary taste along the food which individuals like. * One research shows that individuals like coca cola in light of the fact that It’s the sugar surge and the caffeine just as the reward factor. * It likewise is bound with cocaine (not since the early origin of coca-cola) * It’s irresistible and its superior to water and moderate (Delany, 2012). 3. Nature OF THE PRODUCT: * Coke is known for its outstanding quality and prevalence in item esteem, the Company has quality accreditation from different neighborhood and worldwide gauges. 4. Progressively EMOTIONAL BRANDING A considerable lot of the huge Coke advertisement battles include warm and fluffy symbolism: A carefree Santa Claus, cute polar bears and nostalgic artistic creations. Studies have demonstrated that these kinds of pictures cause individuals to feel all the more heartily toward Coke and in this manner be bound to go after the red jars rather than the blue ones at the store (Delany, 2012). 5. All the more HIGH PROFILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS With exceptionally noticeable spots on top of the line shows like â€Å"American Idol† and the Super bowl, Coke gets its image before more individuals. Over the most recent couple of years, Pepsi has decided on less customary battles that have not had tremendous settlements. Individuals would go for the item supporting their preferred TV shows when there’s a decision and rivalry between 2 items (Delany, 2012). Different FACTORS WHICH INDIRECTLY PROMOTE COKE CONSUMPTION: * Transportation armada of 77 bulkers just as 2 boat loaders for productive vehicle of concentrate, this records for the snappy and effective store filling of coke in various nations and flaunts the utilization level. * The economy of scale empowers the organization to keep up overhead cost and give an edge over different contenders because of lower fixed expense per ton. Operational procedure cost is continually watched for heightening effectiveness and lessening cost. * Strong system of around 200 nations, situated at key areas all through the world, has empowered the organization to make an amazing dissemination framework and access to business sectors at even the remote pieces of the nation. * Marketing correspondence choices that makes the brand known to the individuals and set better expectations to be accomplished. 1. Promoting 2. Advancements 3. Occasion promoting and sponsorship 4. Advertising and exposure 5. Individual selling * Categories of commercial coca cola uses to advance deals and advantages: 1. TV 2. Radio 3. Print 4. Direct reaction 5. Intuitive: sites and online advertisements 6. Spot promoting: bulletins, motion pictures, programs, aircrafts, item situation and purpose of procurement commercial. These notice procedures has some effect on the buyers which influences the advancement and deals the item picking the correct subjects of promotions and recognizing the correct objective crowd in the commercial is the thing that makes coca cola a better brand over different contenders. Brand character and topics of notice that suits the intended interest group is for sure that makes the customer attempt the brand and afterward stick to it (Anonymous, 2011). * CONSUMER RELATIONS All through 2012, Coca-Cola contributed $1,700,500 to a $46 million dollar political battle known as â€Å"The Coalition Against The Costly Food Labeling Proposition, supported by Farmers and Food Producers†. This association was set up to restrict a citizen’s activity, known as Proposition 37, requesting obligatory naming of nourishments containing hereditarily adjusted fixings. Thus, there is a developing blacklist of their items across North America. Individuals began following the brand and it profited the organization (Anonymous, 2011). * FEASIBILITY TO EMPLOYERS: Coca cola organization gives its utilizes a wide scope of possibility which keeps them entrapped into steadfastness towards the organization and to work in transformational terms instead of value-based. For instance worker working in coca cola gets sum on which they began the job* no of long periods of his administration, when they leave the organization independent of whether they have been terminated or given the acquiescence. For instance a worker who labored for a long time and with a beginning pay of 80,000 rupees would get 8 lakh rupees when he would step out of the organization alongside his working experience. KO graduate gets an encounter based degree in flexibly chain which must be achieved while working in the coca cola organization. It is an encounter base degree not yet available in Pakistan’s any establishment or college, so working in coca cola gives its representatives fiscally benefits as well as some experience based aptitudes which are past the degree of abilities and achievements that different organizations gives. Since KO graduate’s qualification is out of reach in Pakistan’s any college yet, so workers holding it through coca cola organization would have a high ground on the various alumni and in like manner are favored more in different associations when contrasted with the individuals who doesn’t have it. These advantages opens entryways into the enormous corporate world for representatives. This is one system utilized by coca cola to keep the gainful representatives bound to the organization and take the organization a long ways ahead toward the crucial the association (Anonymous, 2011). * PARTICIPATION MARKETING: Investment advertising has seen colossal development as of late as advertisers are utilizing new media to manufacture their brands through client produced content when spending plans are compelled (Anonymous, 2001). It is an idea not lost on Coke, which is going to fans to assist it with multiplying the size of its business by 2020. The soda pops brand is hoping to dispatch progressively community oriented item advancement ventures with its clients, franchisees and bottlers as a feature of its aspiration to turn into a less â€Å"secretive† organization. Furthermore, the brand is utilizing its 50-million in number Facebook people group to distinguish and bolster thoughts that satisfy individuals, a move the business is naming â€Å"the subsequent stage in fan culture.† STANDS AND POSITIONS: Coca-Cola has experienced various diverse publicizing trademarks in its long history, including â€Å"The delay that refreshes,† â€Å"I’d like to purchase the world a Coke,† and â€Å"Coke is it.† COCA COLA in Pakistan guarantee in its motto â€Å" OPENS HAPPINESS† is in fact evident and satisfied as it opens a route for family to sit progressively and visit while having coke. Youngsters worship coke so they sit stacked for it. Teenagers do as well. The ly

Arabic students overseas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arabic understudies abroad - Essay Example In reality, the previously mentioned nations have become the mixture of societies on account of the way of life they offer which the vast majority want to have. For understudies, concentrating in one of these nations would mean better openings for work either in their preferred nation or their own nation. By and by, alongside the fantasy about seeking after one’s instruction in America or the United Kingdom are the difficulties which could be genuinely troublesome particularly for Arabian understudies. The issues of imparting in English, having various composed assignments, meeting new individuals, social contrasts, food inclinations and pining to go home are basic among global understudies however there are arrangements that might assist understudies with coping with their new surroundings. The main test that Arabian understudies face is correspondence hindrance. Since English isn't their local language, punctuation botches, word use and sentence developments which may come so natural with American and British understudies can end up being a troublesome activity for an Arabian understudy. Attempting to communicate in the English language as a rule makes understudies embarrassed or reluctant to make some noise their musings. In school, they may experience issues clarifying what they have at the top of the priority list. During recitations, they may have magnificent thoughts yet their absence of English relational abilities makes them endless and now and again, they can be confused. Likewise, they can likewise think that its difficult to move toward school specialists with respect to their interests since they may expect that their issues won't be settled and that they will be presented to embarrassing conditions. In speaking with their kindred understudies, the Arabian u nderstudies may feel scared and in this manner decide to mind their own business rather and attempt to comprehend their exercises or different things all alone. Notwithstanding, obviously, this frequently results to misconception and further issues. Beside having issues being comprehended, there is additionally the issue of

American Revolution – Essay 12

Carly Zeravica American Revolution Essay Period 3 9/20/11 When did the American Revolution start? A few students of history state that it started after the French and Indian War finished in 1763 and others state that it started when the homesteaders originally came to North America in 1607. In any case, the homesteaders accomplished partition from the immutable routes in Britain and made new thoughts for the â€Å"new world. † After long stretches of numbness from Britain, the settlements started to frame their own way of life in general. They presently had a dream of their future, yet were controlled from numerous points of view by the British. Nonetheless, the pilgrims would not endure British restrictions. The American Revolution was a result of pilgrim dismissal to Britain’s endeavors at tax assessment, enactment, and monetary control. Britain’s triumph in the Seven Years’ War accompanied a cost. England obtained a lot of land from the vanquished domains of France and Spain, joined by a lot of obligation. About portion of this obligation was a consequence of guarding the American settlements. In this manner, the British government started burdening the states so as to take care of their significant fiscal commitment. Americans got chafed, particularly with authorities, for example, Prime Minister George Grenville, who forced The Sugar Act. This set an expense on remote sugar imported from the West Indies. The British saw tax assessment as pilgrim pay for insurance. The Sugar Act energy settled after the obligation was brought down, however it was before long followed by all the more burdening. Charles Townshend, a British legislator, affected Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts. These demonstrations put an import charge on things, for example, glass, paper, and tea. Pilgrims revolted by and by, making nonimportation understandings against the Townshend Acts. Despite the fact that settlers were principally furious with the assessment on tea, they overlooked the obligations and started carrying. At last, tax collection was a British exertion to manhandle the privileges of the Americans. Assessments, alongside Parliamentary enactments and economy, in the end developed, heightened, and prompted the American Revolution. All through the seventeenth century, the American settlements contended with Britain about the degree of opportunity they merited. England accepted that the pioneers had an excessive amount of opportunity, while they asserted there wasn’t enough. England made a move by passing a progression of laws and acts, confining the thirteen provinces further. London government began their limitations by giving the Proclamation of 1763. This report expressed that the pilgrims couldn't settle land past the Appalachian Mountains. The Proclamation was seen as a â€Å"oppression† by Americans, especially land theorists. They felt that their entitlement to advance west was being taken from them, and were completely irritated at this. Be that as it may, British government wouldn’t stop here. Until 1763, Navigation Laws were faintly authorized, permitting items to be transported to the settlements without experiencing British vessels or the nation itself. At that point, Prime Minister George Grenville requested that the British naval force carefully force the laws. The Americans needed to have control of their â€Å"new world†, and saw no rationale in constrainment to British guideline. In any case, more strategies were given, including the scandalous Intolerable Acts. These principles were put on Massachusetts, Boston explicitly, removing the privileges of the homesteaders living there. As a piece of the Intolerable Acts, the Quebec Act was passed, extending the Quebec fringes to the Ohio River and allowing French Canadians selective rights. Sharpness kept on preparing in the settlements in light of the fact that these demonstrations demonstrated imbalance inside America. There was no provincial government at all, and the British approaches were firmly authorized. Every one of that was left in the hands of the pioneers was the development of their economy, or so they thought. Riches was influence according to mercantilists, and riches was controlled by the measure of gold or silver a nation had. The thirteen settlements were utilized basically as a manufacturing plant by London government, creating what was important to satisfy their mercantilist objectives. They were exclusively intended to produce products for Britain, who saw their yearning to have an autonomous economy as an unreasonable. All gold and silver was going directly to Britain, and the Americans before long came up short on reserves. Thusly, they were required to print and use paper cash. Parliament prohibited this, closing down this progression towards monetary independence. Provincial creation was just helpful to the homeland and when Americans got a handle on this, it was the inal straw of toleration. Upon takeoff from Britain in 1607, pilgrims were ensured the â€Å"rights of Englishmen†. Following their appearance, these guaranteed rights were quickly being detracted from Americans. As the provinces attempted to remain all alone, Britain strived to look after force. Limitations and guidelines start ed to invade the settlements, and immediately got agonizing to the freed Americans. Making a move against British covering, the settlers revolted. The American Revolution was a result of pilgrim dismissal to Britain’s endeavors at tax assessment, enactment, and monetary control.

How to Write Effective Evaluation Argument Essay Topics

How to Write Effective Evaluation Argument Essay TopicsEvaluation argument essay topics are the backbone of every persuasive argument. While it is true that some people do not like to read long texts, evaluations are the heart and soul of persuasive writing. Writing an argument based on the results of a computer exam or some other form of evaluation is very effective.The idea is to catch the reader's attention before they lose interest in the material they have come to read. If you use evaluations properly you can keep your readers' attention on you for long periods of time. Evaluation essay topics are very strong hooks that will keep the reader's attention long after the main body of your essay has been read.In most cases, if you write evaluation essay topics you should be able to understand the concepts being presented in the text. You should also be able to show the reader how these concepts apply to the piece of writing you are evaluating. Many students who enter college with no experience do not know this basic concept. Writing the evaluation properly requires a certain knowledge of how to present the information in an interesting way.Evaluative essay topics should be carefully selected. When you are writing the topic in your assignment, make sure that you know exactly what you want to evaluate. This may mean a few things. If you are trying to evaluate a professor's class or department, you may want to consider a discussion topic that pertains to the subjects taught in that particular course.If you are reviewing an exam, you may want to evaluate an essay written by the student who was given the test. It is likely that you will want to compare your own essay with the exam answer. At this point you will need to look at your assignment very closely and select the best possible topic. Once you have the topic chosen, you need to decide what sort of evaluation you are going to make.Some of the subjects that are covered in a unit are similar to the subjects that will be reviewed during the course. Students who have little experience writing about them might prefer to base their evaluation on the best interests of the student. In some cases, however, a student may have different ideas about what constitutes the best interests of the student. In this case, they should choose one of the other evaluation criteria such as the character of the student or the ability of the student to learn.You should also look at the student's personality when selecting the evaluation argument essay topics. You will need to find a way to relate your thoughts about the subject to the way in which the student will feel about it. This is not always easy to do, but it is something that can be done when you are careful to consider all of the factors involved.Evaluative essay topics have the potential to engage and inspire readers. They can give you a great deal of insight into the person who is being evaluated. It is important to know how to write a good argument when you have the proper evaluation essay topics in mind.

Texting while Driving Persuasive Essay Example

Texting and Driving Persuasive Essay Sample Texting and Driving Persuasive Essay Introduction Today any person can use his/her smartphone to keep in touch with the fellows 24 hours per day. As a result, modern society suffers from the drivers using gadgets while steering their cars (Texting, driving don't mix, 2007).

The Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe - 1110 Words

Often main characters lead to wrongful accusations and rash decisions. It serves as a metaphor to reality, where constant misjudgment of peers occurs. Disguises and changes of clothing are central to plots such as Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, The Mysterious Affairs at Styles, and The Cask of Amontillado. In JK Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, Quirrell a professor at Hogwarts disguises himself as a harmless individual while working for Voldemort. In the Mysterious Affairs at Styles by Agatha Christie, Emily Inglethorp is killed by her deceptive friend Evelyn Howard. The Cask of Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe, the narrator Montresor is seeking revenge and fakes the role of a loyal servant. These texts demonstrate how easily characters trust based on physical appearance. In Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, Quirrell, a professor at Hogwarts, hides behind false pretenses. He is hired by professor Dumbledore to teach defense against the dark arts. As Harry begins his first year at Hogwarts he begins to find himself in troublesome situations. Thus, leads Harry and his peers to learn about the stone that possesses the power to bring back Voldemort. They believe that someone in the castle is after it. However they have no suspicion of Quirrell’s involvement. His stammering speech portrays him as very timid man. The narrator sympathizes for him. Quirrell’s deceptive personality misleads Harry and the readers that Quirrell has nothing to doShow MoreRelatedThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe992 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe had many pieces of literature, but one in particular â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† reflected his personality. It is a short story that can be read easily, and can take on many ironies. The several ironies can point to the fact that Poe himself was implanted into the story as he was a mysterious man. There are several characters with different personalities often interpreted as Poe hiding his dark side which would be â€Å"Montresor†. The other personality Fortunato could be that drunken personalityRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe953 Words   |  4 Pagesseek revenge. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a short story by the American poet, editor and story writer Edgar Allen Poe. This story is a tale of revenge touching on the darker sides of human nature and at what lengths a man will go to achieve vengeance. We are told by our narrator Montresor that he had been insulted by a wealthy wine connoisseur named Fortunato. Montresor picks him out of the carnival and lures him into his wine cellar with promise of a renown sherry wine, Amontillado. Fortunato is baitedRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1052 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was one of the most famed authors of death, decay, and depression in the 18th century. Poe started his writing career during the Romantic literature period, a period focused on nature, emotions, and a fascination with the supernatural elements. As writers started to write in this new genre, works started becoming dark, with an eerie feeling and a tone of death. Out of the Romantic era came the sub-classification of the Gothic genre. Poe started to embrace this new genre and his writingsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1204 Words   |  5 Pagesbest could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge† (Poe 1). This line draws the reader into the story by bringing up questions like, what insults could have been done to deserve such revenge? The uniqueness in the question itself is that it turns the table of a classic mystery or gothic story (Mcgarth). Instead of asking â€Å"who did it,† the question is, â€Å"why did he do it † (Baraban Motive for Murder in Cask of Amontillado ). Montresor uses Fortunato’s strengthens and turns them intoRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe851 Words   |  4 Pagesabout â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Do hate someone, but act like they are your best friend to get something that you want from them? Edgar Allen Poe does in his story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† as he uses Montresor to tell Fortunato’s journey to catacombs and how he â€Å"conceives and executes an ingenious plan... for revenging† Fortunato (Gruesser 129). In â€Å"The cask of Amontillado† Poe uses tone, plot devices, and the setting to present the theme of appearances masking reality. To begin, Poe uses one toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1025 Words   |  5 PagesJared Mourning English II Prof. Platt Thursday, March 3, 2016 Fortunato’s Misfortune In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allen Poe issues a warning that even your closest friends can stab you in the back when you insult them in the right way. Poe perfectly portrays the way someone you think is your best friend could just as well be your biggest enemy. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allen Poe uses Montresor’s point of view, plot, and symbolism to convey the cold, merciless man who is MontresorRead More`` Cask Of Amontillado `` By Edgar Allen Poe1505 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was a writer who sculpted every detail to create his desired â€Å"theme†. His short stories are mostly representing the murder of a character. The murderer, who is the narrator, explains the plan for the murder. The narrator destroys the humans around him through his destructive mind. The reason for the murder is revenge and hatred. In â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Poe utilized â€Å"unreliable na rrators,† he even created similarities between murder and victim to establishRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1492 Words   |  6 Pages McMullen 531-06 1 September 2014 Summer Reading The Cask of Amontillado In The Cask of Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe, Montressor is able to successfully manipulate Fortunato s arrogance and pride and use it against him as revenge. Montressor knows that Fortunato has a love for wine. Montressor tells Fortunato that he may have acquired Amontillado, a very nice wine. Montressor is not quite sure if the wine is Amontillado, but since Fotunato appears to be occupied Montressor saysRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1723 Words   |  7 Pages Were Montresor’s action in The Cask of Amontillado justified? Is killing someone justifiable? In Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Cask of Amontillado that question is one that could be asked. The short story is about a man named Montresor and his quest to get revenge on his foe Fourtando who has apparently insulted Montresor. Around the time of the carnival season Montresor leaves his house to go find Fourtando and get his revenge he tells none of his servants toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe884 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† by Edgar Allen Poe, one finds the horror throughout its pages. The ideas of unexplained revenge and images of scenes only getting darker and colder cause one to have feelings of dread and disbelief. The protagonist, Montresor, has waited fifty years to tell his story, and one has to question the reliability of what he is saying. Questions of true justice and the power of an insult arise, only magnifying those ideas of horror. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado ,† one sees a

Things Fall Apart Analysis - 1671 Words

Objective: In this paper I will discuss the text Things Fall Apart while analyzing the characters, events, and the historical relevance of the story. Also, I will summarize the story while expanding on the major themes of the book. Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, is a tragic story about the rise and fall of Okonkwo. The story takes place in Umuofia, a cluster of villages in Niger during the 1890’s. the Umuofians are known for being a notorious war clan with many members, advanced social institutions, and phenomenal traditions. Chinua Achebe educated his readers throughout the novel by capitalizing on historical importance’s in Nigerian history, like when the Europeans invaded Niger as well as basic history about African culture†¦show more content†¦The two boys became very close and considered themselves to be real brothers. They were inseparable and did all their chores together. Nwoye was not the only one who became fond of the new addition t o the family, but Okonkwo has also grown to enjoy the boys company but tried not to show it so he would not be perceived as weak. Ikemefuna had the privilege of experiencing a very important celebration, The Week of Peace, in the village during his stay with Okonkwo. During this week there was supposed to be no negativity throughout the village. No one is to look down on anyone, speak harshly, or hurt anyone in any way. Okonkwo breaks the traditions of The Week of Peace when he attempts to shoot his youngest wife because she did not fix him dinner. He accepts the consequences but still does not really believe he has done anything wrong. Achebe shows the reader the gender roles present in the village through the way Okonkwo reacted. After this incident, the story began to pick up. Okonkwo’s second wife, Ekwefi, is introduced and we learn that she loves wrestling and her daughter Enzima. Okonkwo is also very fond of Enzima and tries his best to show her love . He does not treat her harshly like the boys because he does not want her to grow up strong like a man should. However, at times he does wish that she were a boy so he could treat her the way he treats his sons and have her work in the fields. At this point inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Things Fall Apart 1817 Words   |  8 PagesCrystal Wu Ms. Johns Honors English 3-4 12 August, 2016 Things Fall Apart 1. Okonkwo endeavors to measure up to the traditional Igbo standards of masculinity, for which his culture highly regards and esteems. Epitomizing and personifying the ideal heroic qualities in the Igbo culture, an industrious Okonkwo experiences not only social but financial success which is driven and fueled by a passion of loathing â€Å"everything that his father Unoka had loved† (13). His idle, imprudent father owes nearlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Things Fall Apart 1027 Words   |  5 PagesFriends â€Å"Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the center cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.† The author, Achebe, uses part of the poem â€Å"The Second Coming,† and hints at the turmoil that is intensifying as the community falls within the novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† (Yeats, 1) The African tribal system is beginning to have many cultural and tradition changes while at the same timeRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Things Fall Apart974 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebe published the fictional account Things Fall Apart in 1958. It was written to provide a new perspective on the African culture and the societies of the pre - colonial villages in Africa. He tried to dispel stereotypes and overshadow the writers who previously persuaded the world to shun Africa and its culture. Things Fall Apart told the story of the village of Umuofia over a period of many years and how they behaved and what happened with white foreign missionaries entered their livesRead MoreThings Fall Apart Character Analysis1071 Words   |  5 PagesIn life, we all have fears whether itâ⠂¬â„¢s spiders, darkness, or even death. In Things Fall Apart, we see the fears of many of the main characters being shown especially in Okonkwo. Okonkwo was not born into power and wealth and it was up to him whether he was going to make something out of his life. His choice was to disregard his father’s ways and work as hard as possible so that he can become one of the most powerful men in his village of Umuofia. His work ethic and passion for success drive himRead More Analysis of Things Fall Apart Essay875 Words   |  4 Pageswithin this area is Umuofia, which is where the Ogidi tribe lives. These people have beliefs that rest strongly on religion and faith in god. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe takes a look at the life of an African tribe that has been isolated from the outer more technologically advanced world where science has become a part of religion proving that certain things live sickness are not caused by evil spirits. But the African tribe has no knowledge of this and they live in a society where there traditionsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Things Fall Apart 1435 Words   |  6 Pages ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ novel tries to bring back up cultural, social as well as spiritual basics of traditional Igbo (Ibo) existence from the year 1850 and 1900. The novel cannot be fixed like truthful societal and political old times of Ibo society since it is a work of invented story. However, the novel describes disagreements and apprehensions in Igbo society. It also depicts changes initiated by colonial ruling and Christianity. The author mentions that European colonialism operates as a powerfulRead MoreThings Fall Apart Okonkwo Analysis735 Words   |  3 Pagestribal elder. This aphorism was respected by everyone in the community. People were not judged on by their fathers success. Because of this Okonkwo works hard to gain status and made it his goal in life to not be like his father. In the book Things Fall Apart b y Chinua Achebe Okonkwos actions were due to extreme belief in his village`s saying that if you worked hard you would be greatly rewarded. When Okonkwo was a young boy he grew up with a lazy father which he despises â€Å"In his day he was lazyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Things Fall Apart Themes1246 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Things Fall Apart Themes Masculinity â€Å"Okonkwo ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper† (Achebe 13). Okonkwo is the definition of hypermasculinity. As someone who condemns all things feminine, he never learned how to express his feelings, leading to him lashing out in violence instead. It is important to note his treatment of the women in his life as well. Okonkwo’s poor, often times abusive relationshipRead MoreThings Fall Apart Music Analysis1270 Words   |  6 PagesHarmonic Tunes A person’s heartbeat changes to mimic the music they listen to. Different types of music portray an emotion or specific memory of an individual. Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe is a story of pre-colonial times in the Niger villages. The protagonist’s, Okonkwo, ideals of masculinity are challenged by various forms of misfortune portrayed through the music in his community, Gbo. The music highlights the key points of Okonkwos village and culture as it looks ahead at the disintegrationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Things Fall Apart 1100 Words   |  5 PagesChristine Kittrell Professor Harrington HUM 200: Contemporary Lit Culture 30 September 2014 American society vs. Umuofian society Values are beliefs, priorities, and or activities that people find importance in. In the 1959 novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† written by Chinua Achebe, the concentration is on the nine Ibo-speaking villages of Umuofian, which means People of the Forest†. Umuofian is the village in which Okonkwo, the protagonist, thrives in everything and is able to secure his manly position

The International Bank For Reconstruction And Development...

Research and find one project of the World Bank or the IMF that created problems for the nation that received its assistance. Describe the project and what the negative outcomes were. Explain whether or not you feel that the negative impacts could have been avoided? Why or why not? Further explain your opinions on whether you believe that international financial institutions such as these could consistently provide assistance in an objective, unbiased and responsible manner. Why or why not? If you do believe it is possible, then how could it be ensured? Your paper should be at least 500 words in length. ANSWER INTRODUCTION THE WORLD BANK or the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were created in 1944 by leaders of the 44 nations at the Bretton Woods Conference. The Bank was responsible for financing long term productive investment in member countries while the IMF was to provide loans to overcome short-term balance of payments deficits. Western leaders feared an unregulated world market would mean a return to depression, poverty and another world war. At Bretton Woods (located in New Hampshire, U.S.), â€Å"the decisive factor was the reality of American power.† With much of Europe destroyed by the Second World War, the U.S. was economically the world’s most powerful country; thus a U.S. vision prevailed at the conference and the World Bank and the IMF were created along U.S. lines. Unlike the U.N. alsoShow MoreRelatedInternational Bank For Reconstruction And Development1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Bank was origina lly established in 1944 by 28 countries as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development with the aim of assisting and financing public development projects. In 2015 the World Bank Group is an umbrella organization of five parts with 187 member countries. While the Bank remains the largest such institution in operation, there are now so many other similar institutions that there are four subcategories to describe them: Multilateral Development Banks (used to describeRead MoreInternational Bank For Reconstruction And Development1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Bank was originally established in 1944 by 28 countries as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development with the aim of assisting and financing public development projects. In 2015 the World Bank Group is an umbrella organization of five parts with 187 member countries. While the Bank remains the largest such institution in operation, there are now so many other similar institutions that there are f our subcategories to describe them: Multilateral Development Banks (used to describeRead MoreThe International Bank For Reconstruction And Development1680 Words   |  7 PagesEconomy Assignment 1. Economists roles The World Bank is an independent organization, made up of five different Institutions managed by their member countries. These institutions are: 1. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 2. The International Development Association 3. The International Finance Corporation 4. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 5. The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes The World Bank has two main goals that they aim to achieveRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund ( Imf ) And The International Bank For Reconstruction And Development Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn the early 1980s, an economic crisis swept across Sub-Saharan Africa. In an effort to revitalize the region, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), more commonly known as the World Bank, adopted resolutions that worked to ensure almost all countries of the subregion instituted programmes of economic reconstruction, described as â€Å"structural adjustment programmes† (SAP). This paper analyzes the most recent outbreak of Ebola in WestRead MoreContracting Ethics in Government Acquisitions1315 Words   |  5 Pagesnot limited to contracts for acquiring goods and services ADDIN EN.CITE Weitzel20061127(Weitzel and Berns, 2006)1127112717Weitzel, UtzBerns, SjorsCross-Border Takeovers, Corruption, and Related Aspects of GovernanceJournal of International Business StudiesJournal of International Business Studies786-8063762006Palgrave Macmillan Journals00472506http://www.jstor.org/stable/4540384( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_4 o Weitzel, 2006 #1127 Weitzel and Berns, 2006). It is very important that the agencies do acquireRead MoreIbrd698 Words   |  3 PagesThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (I.B.R.D) better known as the World Bank was established at the same time as the International Monetary Fund to tackle the problem of International investment in 1944. Since the I.M.F was designed to provide temporary assistance in correcting balance of payments difficulties, there was need of an institution to assist long term investment purposes. Thus I.B.R.D was established for promoting long term investment loans on reasonable terms. TheRead MoreThe Stystem Developed in the The Bretton Woods Conference862 Words   |  3 Pagesinstitutions, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [World Bank] and The International Monetary Fund (Stwenron, 1944). The conference set the standard of gold to $35.00 and selected the American dollar as the backbone of international exchange. The goal of the conference was to create a system through these financial institutes for economic co-operation and development leading to stable and robust global economy (International Monetary Fund, 2013). 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Chinua Achebes Okonkwo Essay Example For Students

Chinua Achebe?s: Okonkwo Essay Chinua Achebes, Things Fall Apart could be considered a modern-day epic as a result of its world-renowned recognition; eight million papers in print in fifty different languages. Achebes main character in the novel: Okonkwo compares to the heroic figure of Odysseus, in Homers epic The Iliad. Okonkwo embodies the early ideals, characteristics, and traditions of his people and/or nation. And through Achebes dignified literary style, and use of language-Okonkwo represents the concept of self and society, and of the culture class during Africas colonization by western philosophy. Okonkwo is introduced to the reader with a sense of urgency and importance in the opening sentence: Okonkwo was well know throughout the nine villages and even beyond. (Achebe 3) The reason was a result of him bringing honor to his village for being the fiercest wrestler when he was a younger man. Achebes physical description of Okonkwo is one of reverence, and could be used to describe many of the men in Umuofi a. He is large, and his facial structure makes him seem to wear an angry expression at all times. The fact that his three wives could hear him breath while he slept, even though they lived in separate houses creates a strong image. Okonkwo personality is that of quick to anger and prone to expressing his anger through his fists. One important quality of Okonkwo is his desire to be successful-he has no patience for men like his father who had taken no title and died heavily in debt. As a result of Okonkwos need for success comes his strength of working harder and longer than anyone else.In his village of Umuofia, men were recognized by there worth not by a patriarchal system. This is important for Okonkwo because he did not inherit a barn from his father, and was forced to borrow his first seed-yams from a rich man in the village. Yams were a sign of manliness in Umuofia, a man was considered great if he could feed his family on yams from one harvest to another. (Achebe 33) Yams required constant work and attention for an entire harvest, and Okonkwo reveled in the sowing of the yams. Achebe shows Okonkwos desire to work by explaining how he never became too overly enthusiastic over village feasts because it involved sitting for days, while Okonkwo would rather have been working. Working is a release for Okonkwo, and when there is no work to be done he would take is fury out on his familyIt was common in Umuofia for men with titles to have multiple wives and not only allowed but encouraged that husbands demonstrate their superiority by beating their wives. Okonkwo had no problem with ruling his wives with a strong fist as demonstrated when Okonkwo committed a great evil by breaking the Week of Peace (Achebe 29) because he beat his first wife for not returning early enough to cook his afternoon meal. Okonkwo would frequently beat his wives out of anger, and to set and example to his sons on how to control their woman-folk. In Umuofia, No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man. (Achebe 53) This is not because the men in Umuofia were unconcerned with a womens well being, but because a man was expected to show his dominance over woman. Okonkwo has a genuine concern for his wives and the well being of his family. Okonkwos daughter Ezinma became sick one night and it was Okonkwo who was roused in the middle of the night to come to his wife Ekwefis aid. Achebe notes how Okonkwo selected the best pot from his bundle to prepare the medicinal trees and shrubs in. When the priestess comes to take Ezinma to the caves one night, and Ekwefi follows, Okonkwo goes to the caves after he believes a manly interval to pass. (Achebe 112) Okonkwo shows his concern by going multiple times that evening, and It was only on his fourth trip that he had found Ekwefi and by then he had become gravely worried. (Achebe 112) Okonkwo wanted his Fist son Nwoye to be a tough young man who would inherit his fathers farm when he passes. Okonkwo has no time for men like his father and wants to instill in his sons, the importance of being respected and revered by the village. Okonkwos biggest fear is failure in him-self, which would make him like his father. As a result of Okonkwos hard work, heavy hand, and fear of failure, he had become a wealthy farmer, with two barns full of yams (Achebe 8), and married three wives. He had even taken three titles and was a hero in two inter-tribal wars where he had killed five men in battle; he had taken the nickname Roaring Flame. (Achebe 153) And it was Okonkwo who represented Umuofia as an emissary of war. Okonkwo was not one to admit fault or show weakness to his neighbors. When the village of Umuofia ordered Okonkwo to give up Ikemefuna, his adopted son, because he must be killed-Okonkwo abides. He even ends up taking part in the killing process, He heard Ikemefuna cry, My father, they have killed me! Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought weak. (Achebe 61) But it isnt failure that forces Okonkwo to flee the clan, but an accidental explosion of his gun that pierces a sixteen-year-old boys heart. Okonkwos desire was to become one of the lords of his clan. Now he was forced to start over in a land where he was exiled for a sente nce of seven years. It was no fault of his, but Okonkwo had failed, and with this brought despair. While in exile, Okonkwos first son Nwoye had joined the white missionaries and as a result Okonkwo didnt consider him his son anymore. This greatly worried Okonkwo not because of his sons behavior, but of the idea that all of his sons might abandon their ancestors. This scared Okonkwo and shows him humility because no matter how mad or how heavy the beating he could admonish, nothing would come of it. Achebe writes, And immediately Okonkwos eyes were opened and he saw the whole matter clearly. Living fire begets cold, impotent ash. (Achebe 153)When Okonkwo returns to his village of Umuofia after his seven years in exile, he understands he has lost his place in the clan. But he is not prepared for the influx of the white man. The albino (Achebe 138) as Okonkwo called them, brought not only the church, but also their own form of government. Many in Umuofia joined the new church, and even a man with two titles had joined the Christians. Okonkwo was upset over what had happened to his clan, and was worried if they had lost their fight. Okonkwo realizes that the white men were threatening the foundation of his people, and they were crumbling. On the inside Okonkwo was grieving, not so much of a personal grief, but he mourned for his clan. Achebe writes, he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women. (Achebe 183) When the District Commissioner captures Okonkwo and five other leaders of Umuofia by tricking them into a meeting, Okonkwo becomes full of hate. This bitterness in his heart results in him killing one of the messengers of the District Commissioner. Okonkwo is destroyed, his personal life and his clan had been taken over by the white man, and the other clansmen had lost their will to fight. Okonkwos only choice was suicide; he died in the same manner of his father-without a burial from his fellow clansman. Okonkwo em bodied a culture that has long been forgotten, and largely been fictionalized in early western literature. Achebe offers a more factual account of a once proud culture that has suffered as a result of the injustices of western colonization. Okonkwo represents the proud history of Africa, and how contrary to Western prejudices his people had something to offer the world. Okonkwo wasnt without his flaws, but more importantly he was a proud man who was devoted to his family and even more so to the clan. But when confronted with a new culture that threatens the things that hold Okonkwos culture together, he becomes demoralized. He realizes that his clan was falling apart as a result of the white men, and that he would rather take his own self rather than live in this new society. Work CitedAchebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Doubleda

Triple bottom line sustainable constructionâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Triple Bottom Line Sustainable Construction? Answer: Introduction Triple bottom lines approach has evolved with an intention to augment the cause of making use of sustainability practices in the organizations. Triple bottom lines approach proposed an accounting system to measure the environmental and social dimensions of the organizational performance. The key discussion of the triple bottom lines will lie along the discussion on the results of the investment in the context of the three dimensions of planet, people and the profits. TBL accounting practices have gathered ground in all types of operational sectors which include for profit, non-profit as well as governmental sectors. The frame work of TBL and the evaluation of the frame work of the same to estimate the performance in enabling sustainable construction makes up important part of the discussion. There is also discussion provided to present the concept of TBL and its use for organizations particularly in the construction domain (Hall, 2011, p.4). Discussion: TBL is a framework meant for guiding the organizational consistency and commitment for sustainability. It does have relevance in sustainable construction and the sustainable development as well. The elements of TBL., Social, environmental and financial domains will get integrated in the framework of TBL. TBL is often indicated with naming of three Ps, People, planet and profits. Andrew Savitz (2013) indicated that TBL will work on estimate the organizational operation by measuring its impact on the people, profit and the share holders value as well on the environmental foot print of the operations. TBL consists in not just defining the said dimensions; rather it will attempt to measure the proposed dimensions. Sustainability in construction industry works on to integrate diverse stakeholders into the process. Ultimate objective of sustainability promotion in the construction industry will consist in three main aspects, meeting the environmental challenges, responding to the social an d cultural demands and delivering the economic improvement. When all these TBL elements are met, the organization can be said to be working with sustainability. The ultimate objectives of the sustainable construction will be naturally to deliver long term affordability, quality in the construction work, efficiency in the construction work as well providing value to the clients and the users. In the same scenario, the sustainable construction is expected to decrease the unwanted impacts on the environment. All these attempts are finally expected to increase the economic sustainability. A comprehensive integration of numerous stakeholders like institutions who are aware of the risks and ambiguities will provide information and necessary information to execute the objectives etc, all will work to realize sustainable construction (Elkington, 1997, p.73). UNEP defined sustainable construction to have the following characteristics, Sustainable considerations and legislations should have been taken in the construction legislation and the standards employed, Environmental issues would have been considered both in short and long term construction of the buildings. Policies and the incentives available from the government to promote the sustainable construction would have been included in the construction. All stakeholders would have been informed of the sustainability regulations and they would have considered the same in the construction practices. Relation between TBL and sustainable construction: Sustainable construction works on to explain how the usage of sustainable practice improvements are applicable to the construction industry (Singh, 2009, p.285). TBL will enable the sustainable construction occurring in the construction to meet with the broad objectives of social progress, development of the high and stable levels of growth and employment, protecting, enhancing the society value, using the natural resources diligently (Sitnikov,2013,P.2560). TBL will emphasizes the three broad themes of the sustainable construction viz., environment, social and economic accountability. TBL emphasizes the core balanced approach of the sustainable construction (Henriques, 2013, P.2560). TBL proposes and guides the sustainable construction to be inline with a balanced approach (Kibert, 2016). TBL significance in Sustainable development: Sustainable development is defined by various entities in different formats. One of the popular definition of the same include sustainable development as a particular development process where in the current generations can meet their requirements without actual compromising the capacity of the future generations to meet the aspirations. TBL is a versatile tool to accomplish sustainable development in the contemporary world. TBL enabled the expansion of the convention reporting system to take into higher levels of social and environmental performance aspects. TBL invariably will let the stakeholders become part of the sustainable development initiatives of the organizations. More specifically speaking, TBL will enable the top level involvement of the organizational management in sustainable development initiatives, it works on to implement the policy investments in the organizational financial operations, TBL enables the programs to be developed and executed according to the interest s of the sustainable development practices, works on to sign the voluntary standards and facilitates the enforcement of the same, Develops key principles guiding sustainable development. Finally TBL will work a key role in reporting, makes use of the facilities in enabling Global Reporting initiatives. Sustainable development is a wide concept and will work on with any industry and organization in general with having interferences with the environment, social and financial aspects (Smith, 2011, p.75). Significance of TBL in sustainable construction: Accountability, measurability and benchmarking of the sustainability in the construction industry are enabled only with the use of Triple bottom line approach in the construction industry. TBL will work on to enable all these factors of the construction industry (Singh, 2012, P.290). The 3 Ps proposed by TBL for the construction industry does not have a common measuring unit and hence the measurement of the same is a challenge and yet TBL enabled to measure the same (Pitt, 2009, p.210). TBL do not have common measures proposed for calculating the relative indexing of different factors however still the framework proposed by TBL is quite general and it will have all the characteristics needed for different entities of the system. TBL thus making the complex measuring operations enabled for the organization, at the same time the TBL will also versatile and is equally applicable for both the big and small projects of the organizations equally. The impact of the particular project will b e measured irrespective of the region selected, whether it is small or big. TBL proposed a range of economic measures, social measures and environmental measures for the organization and in turn they enabled the organizational sustainability measurement, benchmarking as well as comparison. TBL has no standardized indicators for its operations, however still the indicators and the factors of the TBL are more flexible and can be customized for a range of operations in general. In any case TBL is versatile and can be applied for a range of organizations irrespective of their operational structures like govt, non-govt, profit oriented as well as non-profit-oriented etc. In any case the proposed principles of the organization are more generalized and they do have capabilities to meet the sustainability practice vision and mission. Broadly speaking TBL will enable the sustainable construction to consider the accountability in the three stated Ps framework, measure the proposals as well wi ll work to benchmark the progression in the three Ps framework(Bal,2013,P.697). Sustainable reporting (Goel, 2010) of a multinational company using - Global reporting initiatives: Organization: Bechtel is a multinational construction company committed for sustainable development and the organization is headquartered in California. The GRI of the company is evaluated and presented in the current report (Bechtel. n.d). Organizational strategy: Bechtel is strategically committed to help its customers delivering its promise and more. Bechtel works on to help the premises and will conserve all the resources, works on to support the local communities and also is instrumental in creation of the new jobs and improve the economies. Another key strategic element of theorganization is the fact that it is not motivated to be the largest EPC rather determined to be the best. Typical considerations of the company consist in anticipating the trends, aligning our expertise with the customer needs and transform the organizational delivery and the building progress and breaking new ground and benchmarks in every activity Bechtel undertake. Organizational Profile: Bechtel operations are spanned in about 160 countries world wide as of now. AS of latest statistics the company revenues are more than $38 billion per year. Total employee strength of the company is about 58,000. Total number of the projects the company worked till recent years is more than 25,000. Reporting parameters: G4 GRI is employed in the report produced by the organization. Reported parameters in the report include total recordable incident rates (TRIR) in the safety domain, total number of incidents and comparison with the past data, Total lost time incident rate (LTIR), other parameters in this domain include safe work hours. In social domain, diversity parameters are reported in the sustainability reporting of Bechtel, the new chapters inclusion rate made up some of the reported elements of the company. The percentage of the regional work force in each of the financial year is reported in the reports. In economic front the sustainability report included the reporting of procurement and contractual awards for the company. On environmental front the organization reported carbon foot prints in terms of the percentage of Co2 emissions equivalent in the report for each of the previous five years of its operations in global perspective. Also carbon emissions are indicated in terms of intensity of the Co2 eq emissions per billion of USD revenues. As part of the reporting structure the elements of the reduction shown in terms of the fall in the Co2 emissions and the rate is indicated. Governance, commitment and engagements: Bechtel management is committed to ethics and is uncompromising in collaborating on integrity, honesty and fairness. The organization is relentless in keeping people safe from harm and committed to provided health work environment. Excellence in the work and commitment to quality of work makes up important aspects of the organizational commitment. Bechtel is guided by inspiration with importance of work, challenging and developing opportunities, working to become employer of choice. Further organization is committed to demonstrate integrity, committed to be respectful, collaborate and working to deliver high aspirations and always look forward to learn, do and share. Cultural tolerance and nurturing a proud legacy is the core philosophy of the organization. Engaged to enforce environmental safety, operational safety, minimizing the carbon foot print and working towards more environmentally friendly operational framework makes up the organizational engagement and vision. Management approach: Management of the organization is committed for the organizational commitment towards integration of the sustainability into its way of work. The key elements of the approach of the organization consist in its commitment, that no matter whatever may be the scale of the work, the organizational commitment will remain the same. The focus will be towards protecting the people and the environment. Further the organization is committed to promote the local economic development. Other important approaches of the management lie in partnering with the local communities and societies during the projects. Typical focus areas include addressing the water scarcity, finding new pathways to energy security as well working out to support the urbanization. The details mentioned in the report are done in accordance with the G4 GRI guidelines of write-up. Issues in making up the reports: Reporting sustainability will increase with the increase in the complexity of the operations of the organization. More complex are the organizational functionalities more complex will be identification and reporting of the bottom lines. The key challenges lies in bringing up a bottom line with common benchmarking as well making up a versatile measuring system for variety of factors indicated for organizational operational framework. Further collection of the information from vast data bases particularly for large organizations and synthesizing the same will make up a big challenge for the organizations. Conclusion: 3BL or TBL makes up a perfect supporting framework for sustainable development in general and for sustainable construction industry practices in specific. The successful sustainable construction practice needs commitment from all the stakeholders of the organization as well will requires coherent operational plans from all corners of the organizational operational framework. The current discussion provided an introduction and conceptual presentation of TBL in the context of sustainable construction and finally there is exhaustive presentation of TBL significance in sustainable construction and GRI reporting. The sample sustainability report of Bechtel Company is also suitable discussed to emphasize the frame work of TBL as employed for sustainable construction practices References: Bal, M., Bryde, D., Fearon, D. and Ochieng, E., 2013. Stakeholder engagement: Achieving sustainability in the construction sector.Sustainability,5(2), pp.695-710. Elkington, J., 1997. Cannibals with forks.The triple bottom line of 21st century, p.73. Goel, P., 2010. Triple Bottom Line Reporting: An Analytical Approach for Corporate Sustainability.Journal of Finance, Accounting Management,1(1). Hall, T.J., 2011. The triple bottom line: what is it and how does it work?Indiana business review,86(1), p.4. Henriques, A. and Richardson, J. eds., 2013.The triple bottom line: Does it all add up. Routledge. Kibert, C.J., 2016.Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. John Wiley Sons. Pitt, M., Tucker, M., Riley, M. and Longden, J., 2009. Towards sustainable construction: promotion and best practices.Construction innovation,9(2), pp.201-224. Savitz, A., 2013.The triple bottom line: how today's best-run coReferences:mpanies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too. John Wiley Sons. Singh, R.K., Murty, H.R., Gupta, S.K. and Dikshit, A.K., 2012. An overview of sustainability assessment methodologies.Ecological Indicators,15(1), pp.281-299. Sitnikov, C.S., 2013. Triple Bottom Line. InEncyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility(pp. 2558-2564). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Smith, P.A. and Sharicz, C., 2011. The shift needed for sustainability.The Learning Organization,18(1), pp.73-86. Bechtel., n.d. [Online] Available at: https://www.bechtel.com/getmedia/db4c1332-714b-4663-b3f6-876af1b06aac/2015-bechtel-sustainability-report?ext=.pdf

Title Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Title Argumentative Essay PietaArtistMichelangeloDate 1498-1500MediumMarble Location Saint Peters BasilicaMichelangelos Life and WorksMichelangelo was born on March 6, 1475 in Caprese, Italy. He workedas a painter, sculptor, architect, and poet until he was almost ninety. Asa student he studied the Bible, and used the stories and people in it forhis painting and sculptures. He was one of the most important artists ofthe Italian Renaissance, a period when the arts and sciencesflourished.(Michelangelo) At the age of twelve he became an apprentice toa prominent painter, but soon began to study sculptures instead. Somewherebetween 1496 and 1501 Michelangelo was in Rome creating the Bacchus andthe Pieta. The Bacchus was one of the few pagan works thatMichelangelo created. The Pieta was Michelangelos vision of Madonna andChrist, and one of his most famous works of art. Mary being presented aspeaceful and the realistic structures makes it a good example ofRenaissance art. Between 1501 and 1504 Michelangelo began and completedthe sculpture David. We will write a custom essay on Title Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Somewhere between 1505 and 1508 he was called by Pope Julius II tomake a tomb for the Pope. Somewhere between 1508-1512 he painted theceiling of the Sistine Chapel with the stories of the book of Geniuses. The story of Creation that the ceiling spells out is far from simple,partly because Michelangelo was an exceedingly complicated man, partlybecause he dwells here on profundities of theology that most people need tospelt out for them, and partly because he has balanced his biblical themesand events with giant ingnudi.(WebMuseum) Scholars debate whether hehad any guidance from the Church in the selection of the scenes, and whatmeaning the scenes were to convey. (Michelangelo) Late in 1533,Michelangelo settled in Rome and painted the The Last Judgement on thealter wall of the Sistine Chapel. It was the largest painting of his time. Michelangelo was made chief architecture of St. Peters Basilica in1546. He created the Saint Peters Basilica, which was one of his bestachievements. It became a model dome for domes all over the world. He didtwo Frescoes in the Pauline Chapel in 1550 The conversion of Paul andThe Crucifixion of Peter. He died on February 18, 1564 before he couldcomplete his third Pieta.SubjectThe youthful Mary is sitting holding the dead Christ acrossed herlap. Mary appears to be very sadden which of course we would expect. Composition

The Carbon Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Diamonds

The Carbon Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Diamonds The word diamond is derived from the Greek word adamao, meaning I tame or I subdue or the related word adamas, which means hardest steel or hardest substance. Everyone knows diamonds are hard and beautiful, but did you know a diamond could be the oldest material you might own? While the rock in which diamonds are found may be 50 to 1,600 million years old, the diamonds themselves are approximately 3.3 billion years old. This discrepancy comes from the fact that the volcanic magma that solidifies into rock, where diamonds are found did not create them, but only transported the diamonds from the Earths mantle to the surface. Diamonds also may form under the high pressures and temperatures at the site of meteorite impacts. The diamonds formed during an impact may be relatively young, but some meteorites contain stardust - debris from the death of a star - which may include diamond crystals. One such meteorite is known to contain tiny diamonds over 5 billion years old. These diamonds are older than our solar system. Start with Carbon Understanding the chemistry of a diamond requires a basic knowledge of the element carbon. A neutral carbon atom has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus, balanced by six electrons. The electron shell configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2. Carbon has a valence of ​four since four electrons can be accepted to fill the 2p orbital. Diamond is made up of repeating units of carbon atoms joined to four other carbon atoms via the strongest chemical linkage, covalent bonds. Each carbon atom is in a rigid tetrahedral network where it is equidistant from its neighboring carbon atoms. The structural unit of diamond consists of eight atoms, fundamentally arranged in a cube. This network is very stable and rigid, which is why diamonds are so very hard and have a high melting point. Virtually all carbon on Earth comes from the stars. Studying the isotopic ratio of the carbon in a diamond makes it possible to trace the history of the carbon. For example, at the earths surface, the ratio of isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-13 is slightly different from that of stardust. Also, certain biological processes actively sort carbon isotopes according to mass, so the isotopic ratio of carbon that has been in living things is different from that of the Earth or the stars. Therefore, it is known that the carbon for most natural diamonds comes most recently from the mantle, but the carbon for a few diamonds is the recycled carbon of microorganisms, formed into diamonds by the earths crust via plate tectonics. Some minute diamonds that are generated by meteorites are from carbon available at the site of impact; some diamond crystals within meteorites are still fresh from the stars. Crystal Structure The crystal structure of a diamond is a face-centered cubic or FCC lattice. Each carbon atom joins four other carbon atoms in regular tetrahedrons (triangular prisms). Based on the cubic form and its highly symmetrical arrangement of atoms, diamond crystals can develop into several different shapes, known as crystal habits. The most common crystal habit is the eight-sided octahedron or diamond shape. Diamond crystals can also form cubes, dodecahedra, and combinations of these shapes. Except for two shape classes, these structures are manifestations of the cubic crystal system. One exception is the flat form called a macle, which is really a composite crystal, and the other exception is the class of etched crystals, which have rounded surfaces and may have elongated shapes. Real diamond crystals dont have completely smooth faces but may have raised or indented triangular growths called trigons. Diamonds have perfect cleavage in four different directions, meaning a diamond will separat e neatly along these directions rather than break in a jagged manner. The lines of cleavage result from the diamond crystal having fewer chemical bonds along the plane of its octahedral face than in other directions. Diamond cutters take advantage of lines of cleavage to facet gemstones. Graphite is only a few electron volts more stable than diamond, but the activation barrier for conversion requires almost as much energy as destroying the entire lattice and rebuilding it. Therefore, once the diamond is formed, it will not reconvert back to graphite because the barrier is too high. Diamonds are said to be metastable since they are kinetically rather than thermodynamically stable. Under the high pressure and temperature conditions needed to form a diamond, its form is actually more stable than graphite, and so over millions of years, carbonaceous deposits may slowly crystallize into diamonds.

Patron and Patronize

Patron and Patronize Patron and Patronize Patron and Patronize By Maeve Maddox Someone in my Facebook feed posted this about an aging celebrity who has recently published a book: â€Å"Don’t buy her books and don’t patron her movies.† I’d never seen patron used as a verb. Patronize is the verb commonly used to mean: â€Å"to frequent or support as a customer.† For example: I have patronized The Brown Derby since its inception and have always found the food to be second-to-none. A Web search turned up many examples of the unconventional use of patron in this sense. Here are two examples: The owner is very racist and I REFUSE to patron this place.   My wife and  I refuse to patron movie  theaters on Thanksgiving or Christmas.   Not surprisingly, the most common source of this nonstandard use of patron is social media. What did surprise me is that I found patron used as a verb in some British news sources. It was, however, used in the context of a well-known person agreeing to act as spokesman for a nonprofit enterprise: Lambeth Palace told The Times: â€Å"Since taking office in March this year, the Archbishop has received many kind invitations to patron a large variety of charities and good causes. –The Telegraph. Celebrity Piers Morgan to patron cat rescue centre –Bristol Post The prince has also agreed to patron Daresbury’s sister site at Harwell, Oxfordshire. –Runcorn and Widnes Weekly News. The noun patron derives from pater, the Latin word for father. In Latin society, a patron was a protector, someone who looked after the well-being of a former slave or other dependent. The feminine form was patrona. (A matrona was simply â€Å"a married woman.†) The earliest documentation in the OED of the verb patronize to mean, â€Å"to act as a patron towards† is dated 1593. The use of patron with this meaning has three 17th century citations, and one by Dickens in the 19th. (The use by Dickens is probably meant to be humorous: â€Å"Why am I to be Patroned and Patronessed as if the Patrons and Patronesses treated me?†) The first modern citation for patron used as a verb to mean â€Å"act as patron† is dated 1954, and this use is still rare even in Britain. In my unscientific browsing of British newspapers, I found that constructions like â€Å"agreed to serve as patron† outnumber constructions like â€Å"agreed to patron.† In addition to its meanings of â€Å"protection and support,† patronize has acquired a negative connotation. Human nature being what it is, the beneficial act of patronizing a good cause is often accompanied by an overt attitude that the donor is superior to the recipient. As a result, â€Å"to patronize† has become a synonym for â€Å"to condescend.† condescend (verb): to assume an air of superiority (as to one inferior or less fortunate) Here are some examples of patronize in this sense: How do you feel when people patronize your religion? Candidate In Iowa Makes Patronizing Offensive Comments About Women Voters Dont patronize me, she  said  heatedly. Im not one of your witless lady friends. Patron as a verb meaning, â€Å"serve as a spokesperson for a worthy cause† may catch on. Such use would serve to distinguish the act of serving as a spokesman from the less altruistic meanings of patronize. On the other hand, patronize is just one of many English words that have different meanings according to context. It’s the sort of thing one is expected to learn in English class. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 30 Baseball Idioms30 Nautical Expressions

Influencing Individuals and Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Influencing Individuals and Groups - Essay Example Readers can be influenced and informed very powerfully by using different tools in written communication and generate the desired results. According to experts, by simply avoiding some common grammatical errors, written communication can be made highly effective (School Press H, 2006). Task sheets and employee bulletin boards are one of the common examples of the written communication which is used when the purpose is to inform the lower level employees about the goals and expectations. Emails are used by the employees of Wal-Mart and especially the managers for sharing information, and conveying their concerns. At Wal-Mart e mail is a frequently used medium and is preferred because of the low cost and eases of use (Jonathan Scott, 2005). In his book titled 21: Written Business Communication, Jonathan Scott a memo is a piece of written communication employed to convey information to the employees. The documentation evidence of memos serves in maintaining a record of communication as well (Jonathan Scott, 2005). An example of the use of memos in Wal-Mart was in 2005 when the executive vice president, Susan Chambers suggested used a memo to float a suggestion that health workers should be hired to keep employee costs low (John Hollon, 2005). This memo was used as evidence by the labor union and published in The New York Times when the company announced that it would adopt a new health plan for employees (Julie Appleby, 2005). Annual or monthly progress reports are prepared at Wal-Mart for example the 2009 Global Sustainability Report was issued and it stated that the company had been able to come close to its goals that it had established in 2005. These three goals were rely on renewable energy, no waste and selling sustainable products. The company also donated towards social causes as well (Mike Duke, 2009). In Wal-Mart, employees are also provided Instruction manuals that contain rules, policies and procedures for issues related to work (Gregory

Critically discussed the ethical, legal, and social issues arising Essay

Critically discussed the ethical, legal, and social issues arising from the use of assistef reproductive technologies - Essay Example ough fertile couples can also undergo the processes due to genetic, sex selection or health considerations such as risk of infecting the child with AIDS. Methods used in ART include Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), which involves engaging a males sperm into a womans uterus via a tube. In Vitro Fertilization is another process in ART where sperm and eggs from the couple are taken and incubated to form an embryo with steps such as stimulation of egg maturation, egg recovery, fertilization and embryo transfer with assistance from a physician. There is also the third party assisted ART such as the use of a sperm donor, egg Donor, surrogates and gestational carriers. Even as these methods have been effective in enabling many couples achieve the dream of being parents, there have been debate over the ethical legal, social and ethical issues surrounding processes used to achieve this goal. This research paper highlights some of the ethical, legal and social arguments presented in support or opposition to ART. Ethical issues in ART surround the practice of implanting multiple embryos at one time to cut on expenses for couples since there is no insurance coverage to support this form of treatment. For the process to be successful at a lower cost even when more than one attempt is undertaken couples are encouraged to fertilize many eggs at once and implanting multiple embryos while hoping one among them will be carried to term. Success rate in ART also depends on the years of women involved in the process (see the graph below). Multiple fertilization of these eggs leads to the problem of multiple pregnancies with parents facing the prospect of giving birth to more than one baby. When this happens, couples especially mother and their offspring face increased social, psychological and medical problems. Research has indicated that multiple pregnancies results in a number of health complications especially those related to obstetric complications, prenatal morbidity,

Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI :: History Economics Malasya Essays

Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI BACKGROUND AND COUNTRY ATTRACTIVENESS. Malaysia is the second fastest growing economy in the South East Asian region with an average Gross National Product (GNP) growth of eight-plus percent per year in the last seven years. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has moved from an agriculturally based economy to a more diversified and export oriented one. The Malaysian market is fairly openly oriented, with tariffs only averaging approximately fifteen percent and almost non-existent non-tariff barriers and foreign exchange controls. The open trade based economy is supported by the fact that the total two way trade almost amounts to 120 percent of the GNP (1994). Together with a stable political environment, increasing per capita income, and the potential for regional integration throughout the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Malaysia is an attractive prospect for FDI (refer to Tables 1, 2, 3 and Graph 1 for relevant economic indicators). Until 1993, foreign investment contributed 60% of all investment in Malaysia. FDI grew strongly in the late 1980s to reach a peak of RM17.7 billion in 1992. This was followed by a sharp drop to RM6 billion in 1993 due to the world rececession, but rose again to RM15.2 billion in 1994. Malaysia is among the top five recipients of foreign direct investment in the world and while in recent years it has come mainly from other Asian countries, 1993 saw the US as the biggest inward investor with RM1.7 billion. Japan and Taiwan are clearly the largest overall investors with the US third, followed by France, Singapore and the UK (McLeman 1994, 19). The rationale of this report is not to promote Malaysia as an attractive destination for multinational entities, but rather to analyze how Malaysia's economic policy impacts upon FDI. Malaysia, perhaps, represents one of the most successful developing nations that has been able to effectively incorporate economic policy objectives with foreign funds, knowledge and networking throughout FDI (refer appendix 5). FDI in Malaysia is an important catalytic factor, increasing exports, knowledge and provides an economic vehicle towards the Malaysian 2020 vision. THE MALAYSIA PLAN AND THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY FRAMEWORK The Malaysian government uses economic planning to achieve economic and socio-economic goals in close coherence with the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the National Development Policy (NDP). The Fifth Malaysia plan and the Long-term Industrial Master Plan Malaysia, in particular, indicate specific future objectives and economic trends. Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI :: History Economics Malasya Essays Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI BACKGROUND AND COUNTRY ATTRACTIVENESS. Malaysia is the second fastest growing economy in the South East Asian region with an average Gross National Product (GNP) growth of eight-plus percent per year in the last seven years. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has moved from an agriculturally based economy to a more diversified and export oriented one. The Malaysian market is fairly openly oriented, with tariffs only averaging approximately fifteen percent and almost non-existent non-tariff barriers and foreign exchange controls. The open trade based economy is supported by the fact that the total two way trade almost amounts to 120 percent of the GNP (1994). Together with a stable political environment, increasing per capita income, and the potential for regional integration throughout the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Malaysia is an attractive prospect for FDI (refer to Tables 1, 2, 3 and Graph 1 for relevant economic indicators). Until 1993, foreign investment contributed 60% of all investment in Malaysia. FDI grew strongly in the late 1980s to reach a peak of RM17.7 billion in 1992. This was followed by a sharp drop to RM6 billion in 1993 due to the world rececession, but rose again to RM15.2 billion in 1994. Malaysia is among the top five recipients of foreign direct investment in the world and while in recent years it has come mainly from other Asian countries, 1993 saw the US as the biggest inward investor with RM1.7 billion. Japan and Taiwan are clearly the largest overall investors with the US third, followed by France, Singapore and the UK (McLeman 1994, 19). The rationale of this report is not to promote Malaysia as an attractive destination for multinational entities, but rather to analyze how Malaysia's economic policy impacts upon FDI. Malaysia, perhaps, represents one of the most successful developing nations that has been able to effectively incorporate economic policy objectives with foreign funds, knowledge and networking throughout FDI (refer appendix 5). FDI in Malaysia is an important catalytic factor, increasing exports, knowledge and provides an economic vehicle towards the Malaysian 2020 vision. THE MALAYSIA PLAN AND THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY FRAMEWORK The Malaysian government uses economic planning to achieve economic and socio-economic goals in close coherence with the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the National Development Policy (NDP). The Fifth Malaysia plan and the Long-term Industrial Master Plan Malaysia, in particular, indicate specific future objectives and economic trends.